First, and most intuitively, the more education someone has, the more likely they are to be a reader. “The patterns are very, very predictable,” Griswold told me. Some people are much more likely than others to become members of the reading class. She said that a larger proportion of the American population qualified as big readers between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries-an era of reading that was made possible by advances in printing technology and then, eventually, snuffed out by television. Griswold refers to this group as “the reading class,” and-adding up the NEA’s “frequents” and “avids,” and considering rates of serious reading in other similarly wealthy countries-reckons that about 20 percent of adults belong to the U.S.’s reading class. “Every society has some group of people-somewhere between a minuscule amount and half the adults-that read a lot in their leisure time,” says Wendy Griswold, a sociologist at Northwestern University who studies reading. Five years earlier, the NEA ran a more detailed survey, and found that 23 percent of American adults were “light” readers (finishing one to five titles per year), 10 percent were “moderate” (six to 11 titles), 13 percent were “frequent” (12 to 49 titles), and a dedicated 5 percent were “avid” (50 books and up). In 2017, about 53 percent of American adults (roughly 125 million people) read at least one book not for school or for work in the previous 12 months, according to the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). The size of the American reading public varies depending on one’s definition of reading. Read: The adults who treat reading like homework But a chief factor seems to be the household one is born into, and the culture of reading that parents create within it.
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That why is consequential-leisure reading has been linked to a range of good academic and professional outcomes-as well as difficult to fully explain.
But behind that simple process is a question of motivation-of why some people grow up to derive great pleasure from reading, while others don’t. Joining their tribe seems simple enough: Get a book, read it, and voilà! You’re a reader-no tote bag necessary.
They are, for lack of a more specific term, readers. They can be identified by their independent-bookstore tote bags, their “Book Lover” mugs, or-most reliably-by the bound, printed stacks of paper they flip through on their lap.
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